Introduction
The Faisal Mosque, located in Islamabad, Pakistan, stands as a significant monument in the heart of the nation’s capital. Known for its grand scale and modern design, it is one of the world’s largest mosques and serves as a key tourist attraction and a central place of worship.
Historical Background
Inception and Naming
The idea for the mosque began in 1966, during a visit by King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia to Pakistan. He supported the initiative to build a national mosque in Islamabad, which later bore his name following his assassination in 1975.
International Design Competition
In 1969, an international competition was held to select the mosque’s design. Architects from 17 countries submitted 43 proposals. Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay’s innovative design was chosen, marking the beginning of a unique architectural journey.
Design and Architecture
Inspiration and Structure
Vedat Dalokay’s design was inspired by a Bedouin tent, representing a departure from traditional mosque architecture. The mosque does not feature a typical dome but instead has a triangular prayer hall formed by eight-sided shell-shaped sloping roofs. The structure is surrounded by four minarets, each standing 79 meters tall, making them the tallest in South Asia.
Construction Details
Construction began in 1976, funded by a $28 million grant from Saudi King Faisal. The mosque was built by National Construction Limited of Pakistan, led by Azim Khan. The project cost over 130 million Saudi riyals (approximately 120 million USD today). The foundation stone was laid by King Faisal’s successor, King Khalid, in October 1976.
Features and Capacity
Main Prayer Hall
The triangular prayer hall can accommodate 10,000 worshippers. The mosque’s design allows for natural light to illuminate the interior, enhancing the spiritual ambiance.
Overall Capacity
The Faisal Mosque can hold up to 300,000 worshippers. The main areas, including the inner hall and courtyards, can accommodate 74,000 people, while the surrounding grounds can host an additional 200,000 people.
Minarets
Each of the mosque’s four minarets is 79 meters high and measures 10×10 meters in circumference. These towering structures are a prominent feature of the mosque’s skyline, symbolizing the mosque’s significance and grandeur.
Cultural and Religious Significance
National Symbol
The Faisal Mosque serves as a national symbol of Pakistan, representing the country’s Islamic identity and architectural innovation. It is a major tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the world.
Criticism and Acceptance
Initially, some conservative Muslims criticized the mosque’s unconventional design and lack of a traditional dome. However, over time, the Faisal Mosque has gained widespread acceptance and admiration for its unique architecture.
Role in Education
The Faisal Mosque grounds previously housed the International Islamic University, which has since relocated to a new campus in 2000. This highlights the mosque’s role in promoting Islamic education and scholarship.
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