Polio remains a pressing health issue in Pakistan, one of the last two countries globally where the wild poliovirus continues to spread. In 2024, the number of reported cases has surged to 50, marking a significant challenge for health authorities and communities alike.
Current Situation: Polio Cases Across Provinces
The most recent case was identified in a 20-month-old girl from Tank district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). This district has emerged as a hotspot for poliovirus, with two cases reported and numerous environmental samples testing positive.
Breakdown of Cases in 2024
- Balochistan: 24 cases (highest number)
- Sindh: 13 cases
- Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: 11 cases
- Punjab: 1 case
- Islamabad: 1 case
The uneven distribution highlights the challenges faced by regions like Balochistan and KP, where insecurity and misinformation hinder vaccination campaigns.
Understanding Polio
What is Polio?
Polio is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects children under five. The virus attacks the nervous system, potentially causing irreversible paralysis or even death in severe cases.
How Does It Spread?
Polio spreads through:
- Contaminated food or water
- Close contact with an infected person
Children with weak immunity or those who miss vaccinations are particularly vulnerable.
Challenges in Eradicating Polio
Insecurity and Accessibility
Remote areas, especially in regions like Balochistan and KP, face security threats that disrupt vaccination efforts. Healthcare workers often face resistance or threats, making it challenging to reach vulnerable populations.
Misinformation
Misinformation about the vaccine’s safety fuels community reluctance. Many parents believe in unfounded myths, leading to low participation in vaccination drives.
Community Reluctance
Cultural barriers and lack of awareness further contribute to vaccine hesitancy, especially in conservative and underserved communities.
Vaccination: The Only Defence Against Polio
Importance of Vaccination
While polio has no cure, vaccination provides the most effective protection. Regular immunisation campaigns are crucial to prevent outbreaks and protect children.
Government’s Efforts
The government conducts frequent vaccination drives to ensure that every child receives protection. Health authorities urge parents to participate actively in these campaigns to safeguard their children from the virus.
Impact of Polio on Children
Physical Impact
- Irreversible paralysis, often affecting the legs
- Severe cases can lead to respiratory failure and death
Social and Economic Burden
- Children with disabilities face stigma in society.
- Families bear significant financial and emotional stress due to long-term care.
Global Perspective on Polio
Pakistan and Afghanistan: The Last Battlegrounds
Pakistan and Afghanistan are the only two countries where wild poliovirus is still endemic. Global health organisations are closely monitoring both nations’ progress to eliminate the disease.
Role of International Support
Organisations like WHO and UNICEF support Pakistan with resources, funding, and awareness campaigns to combat polio effectively.
How to Strengthen Polio Eradication Efforts
1. Enhancing Public Awareness
- Educate communities about the safety and necessity of vaccines.
- Use media campaigns to counter misinformation.
2. Improving Accessibility
- Deploy mobile vaccination teams in remote and high-risk areas.
- Ensure security for healthcare workers in vulnerable regions.
3. Building Trust in Communities
- Engage local leaders and influencers to promote vaccination.
- Address cultural barriers through tailored awareness programs.
Conclusion
Polio remains a formidable challenge in Pakistan, with 50 cases already reported in 2024. Vaccination is the only reliable defence against this life-altering disease. Overcoming obstacles like misinformation, insecurity, and community reluctance is critical to eradicating polio once and for all. Parents, healthcare workers, and government agencies must collaborate to protect every child from the devastating effects of this virus.
FAQs
1. Why is Pakistan struggling to eliminate polio?
Insecurity, misinformation, and cultural barriers hinder vaccination efforts, especially in remote areas.
2. How does polio affect children?
Polio attacks the nervous system, causing paralysis, and in severe cases, can lead to death.
3. Can polio be cured?
No, polio has no cure, but it can be prevented through vaccination.
4. Why is vaccination important?
Vaccination protects children from polio and prevents outbreaks in communities.
5. What are the government’s efforts to combat polio?
The government organises frequent immunisation drives and partners with international organisations to eradicate the virus.
